![]() ![]() So the error the individual is making is a different one. ![]() In contrast, in comparative unrealistic optimism, people are unrealistically optimistic about their chances compared to those of others. The process a manager uses to make decisions has a significant impact on the quality of those decisions Decision-making steps this model depicts are as follows: 1. In the case of absolute unrealistic optimism, a prediction is unrealistically positive compared to the objective likelihood of an event occurring. When repeating their comparative risk judgments for the same events, both Information and Perspective groups were significantly less optimistic than a control. Levels of management are simply lower-level management, middle-level management, and upper-level management Consensus – An agreement on a decision by all the individuals involved in making that decision Exploitative orientation – Also believe that the source of all good is outside themselves, and they are willing to steal ideas as necessary to make good decisions Hoarding orientation – Is characterized by the desire to preserve the status quo as much as possible Marketing oriented decision – Makers view themselves as commodities that are only as valuable as the decisions, they make Relevant alternative – Is one that is considered feasible for solving an existing problem and for implementation Rational decision-making process – Comprises the steps the decision maker takes to arrive at this choice. Decision making is the process of choosing the best alternative for reaching objectives Programmed decision – Is routine and repetitive, and the organization typically develops specific ways to handle such decisions Nonprogrammed decision – Is typically a one-shot decision that is usually less structured than programmed decisions Scope of the decision – The proportion of the total management system that the decision will affect. Making Decisions Notes Chapter 6 Decision – A choice made between two or more available alternatives. ![]()
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